What is Secondary Infertility in males causes and treatment ?

Secondary infertility is analogous to other sorts of infertility and shares many of an equivalent signs. However, in secondary infertility you’re unable to conceive or carry a baby to full-term after having a previous successful pregnancy. Infertility are often caused by either the person or woman. Treatment options can include medications to induce ovulation, in vitro fertilization (IVF) or surgery.

What is secondary infertility?

To classify as secondary infertility, the previous birth must have occurred without help from fertility medications or treatments, like in vitro fertilization. Secondary infertility typically is diagnosed after trying unsuccessfully to conceive for 6 months to a year. A related condition is recurrent pregnancy loss where patients and couples are ready to conceive but are unable to hold to term.

Are the causes of secondary infertility within the woman or the man?

Secondary infertility are often traced to either partner or both partners. within the remaining one-third, the cause is thanks to a mixture of things or isn’t known. Increased age, complications from a previous pregnancy or surgery, increased weight, medications, sexually transmitted diseases, impaired sperm production, alcoholic abuse , and smoking are all samples of secondary infertility in women and men.

What are the causes of secondary infertility in men?

Causes of secondary infertility in men include:

Reduced testosterone level.

Testosterone plays a key role in sperm production. Testosterone levels can decline thanks to aging, injury to urinary or genital organs, or certain medical conditions. These conditions include:

*Genital infections.

*Thyroid diseases.

*Diabetes.

*Tuberculosis.

*Mumps.

*Smallpox.

*Blood diseases.

*Benign tumors.

*Emotional stress.

*Myocardial infarction.

*Coma.

*Stroke.

*Respiratory failure.

*Congestive coronary failure .

*Burns.

*Sepsis, which may be a potentially life-threatening reaction to infection.

*Surgery within the genital tract.

*The presence of mycoplasma, which may be a sort of bacteria.

*Anesthesia.

*Testicular varicocele.

This is an enlargement of veins within the scrotum, or the sack of skin encasing the testicles. This condition may be a common explanation for low sperm production and infertility in men. About 30% of infertile men have testicular varicocele.

*Poor-quality semen.

Semen is that the fluid that carries sperm. After age 40, the standard of semen tends to say no .

*Prostate enlargement.

This can lower sperm count and hinder a traditional ejaculation (the discharge of semen from the body).

*Prostate removal.

The prostate could also be removed thanks to cancer or other conditions. Removal of the prostate can cause semen to flow backward.

*Late onset hypogonadism.

This is a condition where there's a discount of hormone secretion.

*Certain drugs that affect sperm count and quality.

These drugs include some antibiotics and drugs that treat high vital sign . Sperm quality also can be suffering from treatments for the subsequent conditions:

*Prostate cancer.

*Enlarged prostate.

*Fungal infections.

*Stomach acid.

*Urinary tract infections.

*Ulcerative colitis.

*Arthritis.

*Pain.

*Cancers.

*Seizures.

*Schizophrenia.

*Nontoxic, natural lubricants include peanut, safflower and vegetable oils; raw egg white; and petrolatum .

*Exposure to certain chemicals.

Excessive weight gain.

What are possible signs of secondary infertility?

If a person and woman 35 or younger have had unprotected sex for a minimum of 12 months (or six months if older than 35) without getting pregnant, they ought to suspect secondary infertility.

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS

What should a few do if they think secondary infertility?

If you think secondary infertility, schedule an exam with a women’s health provider, reproductive endocrinologist or urologist. Don’t delay. Early evaluation is critical to make sure the widest sort of treatment options.

Your doctor will review your medical record to work out if anything has changed since your previous pregnancy. The doctor will ask if you’ve experienced irregular menstrual cycles and can want to seek out out if you’re ovulating and producing eggs normally. For men, a medical record will show if thyroid disease, cancer or age-related conditions may need affected sperm count or quality.

The doctor and couple will discuss possible tests. for instance , an X-ray of the uterus (called a hysterosalpingogram, or HSG) would reveal scarring or abnormalities. The doctor may additionally order a semen analysis.

MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT

What are treatment options for secondary infertility?

Regardless of whether infertility is primary or secondary, treatments are similar and include:

Intrauterine insemination (IUI), which involves surgically placing sperm inside a woman’s uterus, to extend the prospect of fertilization. Sperm donors are often utilized in IUI.

In vitro fertilization (IVF), which involves daily injections to stimulate the ovaries, a surgery to retrieve eggs, egg fertilization during a lab to form embryos, growth of embryos. Egg or sperm donors are often utilized in IVF. While not legal altogether states or countries, a gestational surrogate (a woman unrelated to the child) could also be involved in IVF to hold the pregnancy to term. for ladies without a partner or who desire future fertility, egg freezing are often done before fertilization in order that the eggs are often stored for future use.

Surgery to repair uterine-related problems in women. Doctors can repair structural problems, like removing connective tissue , poylps, and fibroids from the uterus. Surgery to repair testicular varicocele. This condition is that the most surgically correctible explanation for male infertility.

Antioxidants and anti-aging supplements, which may increase fertility in men. Drug treatment also can improve semen quality.

What is the emotional impact of secondary infertility?

Infertility are often a devastating disease with a high emotional toll on individuals and couples. If treatments for secondary infertility fail, couples might suffer from a variety of emotions, including anger, sadness, grief, guilt and loneliness. they could experience a scarcity of empathy from relations and friends, who may tell them they ought to be thankful to possess one child. Unfortunately, even healthcare providers can lack sympathy, which adds to a sense of isolation.

Couples and individuals with secondary infertility may have emotional support and should enjoy support groups or a psychological state professional.

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